فعل To go من الافعال الشائعة و الكثيرة الاستعمال في الاحاديت اليومية و حتى في الكتابات. لذا من المهم أن تعرف كيف تستعمله في مختلف الازمنة كما هو مبين في الجداول ادناه.
الجداول ادناه تحمل طرق تصريف فعل to go في الحاضر و الماضي و المستقبل بفروعهم الاربع العادي و المستمر او التام و التام المستمر. اي تصريف فعل to go في 12 زمن من ازمنةتصريف الافعال في الانجليزية
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I go. | I do not go. | Do I go? |
| You go. | You do not go. | Do you go? |
| He/She/It goes. | He/She/It does not go. | Does he/she/it go? |
| We go. | We do not go. | Do we go? |
| You go. | You do not go. | Do you go? |
| They go. | They do not go. | Do they go? |
Present Simple Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am going. | I am not going. | Am I going? |
| You are going. | You are not going. | Are you going? |
| He/She/It is going. | He/She/It is not going. | Is he/she/it going? |
| We are going. | We are not going. | Are we going? |
| You are going. | You are not going. | Are you going? |
| They are going. | They are not going. | Are they going? |
Past Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I went. | I did not go. | Did I go? |
| You went. | You did not go. | Did you go? |
| He/She/It went. | He/She/It did not go. | Did he/she/it go? |
| We went. | We did not go. | Did we go? |
| You went. | You did not go. | Did you go? |
| They went. | They did not go. | Did they go? |
Past Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was going. | I was not going. | Was I going? |
| You were going. | You were not going. | Were you going? |
| He/She/It was going. | He/She/It was not going. | Was he/she/it going? |
| We were going. | We were not going. | Were we going? |
| You were going. | You were not going. | Were you going? |
| They were going. | They were not going. | Were they going? |
Future Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will go. | I will not go. | Will I go? |
| You will go. | You will not go. | Will you go? |
| He/She/It will go. | He/She/It will not go. | Will he/she/it go? |
| We will go. | We will not go. | Will we go? |
| You will go. | You will not go. | Will you go? |
| They will go. | They will not go. | Will they go? |
Present Perfect Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have gone. | I have not gone. | Have I gone? |
| You have gone. | You have not gone. | Have you gone? |
| He/She/It has gone. | He/She/It has not gone. | Has he/she/it gone? |
| We have gone. | We have not gone. | Have we gone? |
| You have gone. | You have not gone. | Have you gone? |
| They have gone. | They have not gone. | Have they gone? |
Present Perfect Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have been going. | I have not been going. | Have I been going? |
| You have been going. | You have not been going. | Have you been going? |
| He/She/It has been going. | He/She/It has not been going. | Has he/she/it been going? |
| We have been going. | We have not been going. | Have we been going? |
| You have been going. | You have not been going. | Have you been going? |
| They have been going. | They have not been going. | Have they been going? |
Past Perfect Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had gone. | I had not gone. | Had I gone? |
| You had gone. | You had not gone. | Had you gone? |
| He/She/It had gone. | He/She/It had not gone. | Had he/she/it gone? |
| We had gone. | We had not gone. | Had we gone? |
| You had gone. | You had not gone. | Had you gone? |
| They had gone. | They had not gone. | Had they gone? |
Past Perfect Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had been going. | I had not been going. | Had I been going? |
| You had been going. | You had not been going. | Had you been going? |
| He/She/It had been going. | He/She/It had not been going. | Had he/she/it been going? |
| We had been going. | We had not been going. | Had we been going? |
| You had been going. | You had not been going. | Had you been going? |
| They had been going. | They had not been going. | Had they been going? |
Future Perfect
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will have gone. | I will not have gone. | Will I have gone? |
| You will have gone. | You will not have gone. | Will you have gone? |
| He/She/It will have gone. | He/She/It will not have gone. | Will he/she/it have gone? |
| We will have gone. | We will not have gone. | Will we have gone? |
| You will have gone. | You will not have gone. | Will you have gone? |
| They will have gone. | They will not have gone. | Will they have gone? |
هذا الفعل او هذه الكلمة و التي تعني باللغة العربية "كان في الماضي و أكون في الحاضر " أو فعل الكينونة تستعمل كثيرا في اللغة الانجليزية. في اللغة العربية نستعمل "كان"او تصريفها لتعبير عن ما حدت سابقا في الماضي و يكون في الحاضر. لكن في الحقيقة لاننطق او نكتب فعل" يكون او تصريفه" في الحاضر بل يبقى مختفي غير ظاهر . يكفي أن نقول مثلا " أحمد مريض" لفهم الجملة دون الحاجة الى إضافة فعل اخر مساعد كما هو الحال في اللغة الانجليزية.
و نظرا لاهمية هذا الفعل الى جانب بعض الافعال الاخرى المساعدة To have و Can و To do سنقوم بوضع شرح مفصل لهذا الفعل وكيفية استعماله مع الامثلة
- مثلا عندما تريد ان تقول أنا ذكي ستقول بالانجليزية I am smart او يمكن ان تقول اختصارا I'm smart
- و عندما تريد أن تقول أنا كنت ذكيا ستقول بالانجليزية I was smart
- أما عندما تريد أن تقول سأكون ذكيا ستقول بالانجليزية I will be smart
الأمثلة الثلاثة أعلاه تهم ضمير المتكلم " أنا" يمكن تطبيق نفس الطريقة مع الضمائر الاخرى حسب الجدول اسفله.
الحاضر Present
I am
You/ We/ They are
He/She/It
الماضي Past
I/He/She?/It was
You/ We/They were
Future
نضع will be مع كل الضمائر
النفي باستعمال فعل To be
سأستعمل نفس الجمل السابقة لكن بصيغة النفي
- انا لست ذكيا ( الحاضر)
- انا لم أكن ذكيا ( الماضي)
- أنا لن أكون ذكيا ( المستقبل)
في اللغة الانجليزية لنفي الكلام نقوم باضافة not كالتالي:
- I am not smart (present)
- I was not smart (past)
- I will not be smart (future)
نفس الشيء ينطبق على الضمائر الاخرى لا داعي لذكرها لكن في اخر الدرس ستجد تمارين شاملة عن فعل الكينونة To be
السؤال باستعمال فعل To be
سنقوم هنا بطرح السؤال في الحاضر و الماضي و المستقبل و سنرى كيف نقول ذلك بالانجليزية باستعمال ضمير أنا و هي. ونفس الشيء ينطبق على باقي الضمائر.
- هل أنا ذكي؟ هل كنت ذكي؟ هل سأكون ذكي؟
- هل هي جميلة؟ هل كانت جميلة؟ هل ستكون جميلة؟
- Am I smart? Was I smart? Will I be smart?
- Is she beautiful? Was she beautiful? Will she be beautiful?
كتابة To be بشكل مختصر
اختصار الكلمات هو كتابة الكلمات بصيغة مختصرة يساعد الناطقين باللغة الانجليزية على اختصار الكلام و تسهيل نطق الكلمات و الجمل لكن في نفس الوقت يشكل عائقا بالنسبة للمتعلمين للغة الانجليزية. لذا يجب إبدال مجهود اكبر في فهم اختصار الكلمات بما في ذلك فعل الكينونة To be
مثال على ذلك I am تختصر هكذا I'm و He is not تختصر هكذا He isn't. ستجد صفحة في هذا الموقع خاصة بكيفية إختصار الكلمات و الجمل.في الاسفل ستجد تصريف لفعل "كان To be " في جميع الازمنة في اللغة الانجليزية.
To be on Present Simple | تصريف فعل To Be في الحاضر
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I am not | Am I ? |
| You are | You are not | Are you ? |
| He/She/It is | He/She/It is not | Is he/she/it ? |
| We are | We are not | Are we ? |
| You are | You are not | Are you ? |
| They are | They are not | Are they ? |
To be on Past Simple الماضي البسيط
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was | I was not | Was I ? |
| You were | You were not | Were you ? |
| He/She/It was | He/She/It was not | Was he/she/it ? |
| We were | We were not | Were we ? |
| You were | You were not | Were you ? |
| They were | They were not | Were they ? |
Future Simple المستقبل البسيط
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will be | I will not be | Will I be? |
| You will be | You will not be | Will you be? |
| He/She/It will be | He/She/It will not be | Will he/she/it be? |
| We will be | We will not be | Will we be? |
| You will be | You will not be | Will you be? |
| They will be | They will not be | Will they be? |
Present Perfect Simple الحاضر التام البسيط
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have been | I have not been | Have I been? |
| You have been | You have not been | Have you been? |
| He/She/It has been | He/She/It has not been | Has he/she/it been? |
| We have been | We have not been | Have we been? |
| You have been | You have not been | Have you been? |
| They have been | They have not been | Have they been? |
Past Perfect Simple الماضي التام البسيط
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had been | I had not been | Had I been? |
| You had been | You had not been | Had you been? |
| He/She/It had been | He/She/It had not been | Had he/she/it been? |
| We had been | We had not been | Had we been? |
| You had been | You had not been | Had you been? |
| They had been | They had not been | Had they been? |
Future Perfect المستقبل التام
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will have been | I will not have been | Will I have been? |
| You will have been | You will not have been | Will you have been? |
| He/She/It will have been | He/She/It will not have been | Will he/she/it have been? |
| We will have been | We will not have been | Will we have been? |
| You will have been | You will not have been | Will you have been? |
| They will have been | They will not have been | Will they have been? |
Conditional الشرطي
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I would be | I would not be | Would I be? |
| You would be | You would not be | Would you be? |
| He/She/It would be | He/She/It would not be | Would he/she/it be? |
| We would be | We would not be | Would we be? |
| You would be | You would not be | Would you be? |
| They would be | They would not be | Would they be? |
Conditional Perfect الشرطي التام
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I would have been | I would not have been | Would I have been? |
| You would have been | You would not have been | Would you have been? |
| He/She/It would have been | He/She/It would not have been | Would he/she/it have been? |
| We would have been | We would not have been | Would we have been? |
| You would have been | You would not have been | Would you have been? |
| They would have been | They would not have been | Would they have been? |
اختبار في فعل Verb To Be
فعل الملكية هو عندما تريد أن تقول مثلا: أنا أملك سيارة او أنا عندي سيارة او عندما تريد ان تقول ان أحمد عنده منزل أو أحمد يملك منزل و في الماضي نقول كانت عندي دراجة او كنت املك سيارة وكان يملك منزلا. و في المستقبل سوف أملك قصرا او احمد سوف يملك سيارة.نعبر في الانجليزية عن الملكية بفعل To have و هذا تصريفه في مختلف الازمنة
Present Simple
We/You/They have
He/She/It/ has
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have. | I do not have. | Do I have? |
| You have. | You do not have. | Do you have? |
| He/She/It has. | He/She/It does not have. | Does he/she/it have? |
| We have. | We do not have. | Do we have? |
| You have. | You do not have. | Do you have? |
| They have. | They do not have. | Do they have? |
Present Simple Continuous:
Verb to be in present +having
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am having. | I am not having. | Am I having? |
| You are having. | You are not having. | Are you having? |
| He/She/It is having. | He/She/It is not having. | Is he/she/it having? |
| We are having. | We are not having. | Are we having? |
| You are having. | You are not having. | Are you having? |
| They are having. | They are not having. | Are they having? |
Past Simple: All pronouns + had
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had. | I did not have. | Did I have? |
| You had. | You did not have. | Did you have? |
| He/She/It had. | He/She/It did not have. | Did he/she/it have? |
| We had. | We did not have. | Did we have? |
| You had. | You did not have. | Did you have? |
| They had. | They did not have. | Did they have? |
Past Continuous: Verb to be on past simple + having
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was having. | I was not having. | Was I having? |
| You were having. | You were not having. | Were you having? |
| He/She/It was having. | He/She/It was not having. | Was he/she/it having? |
| We were having. | We were not having. | Were we having? |
| You were having. | You were not having. | Were you having? |
| They were having. | They were not having. | Were they having? |
Future Simple : will +have
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will have. | I will not have. | Will I have? |
| You will have. | You will not have. | Will you have? |
| He/She/It will have. | He/She/It will not have. | Will he/she/it have? |
| We will have. | We will not have. | Will we have? |
| You will have. | You will not have. | Will you have? |
| They will have. | They will not have. | Will they have? |
Present Perfect Simple: To have on present + had
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have had. | I have not had. | Have I had? |
| You have had. | You have not had. | Have you had? |
| He/She/It has had. | He/She/It has not had. | Has he/she/it had? |
| We have had. | We have not had. | Have we had? |
| You have had. | You have not had. | Have you had? |
| They have had. | They have not had. | Have they had? |
Present Perfect Continuous: To have on present + been +having
To have on present + been = verb to be in Present perfect continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have been having. | I have not been having. | Have I been having? |
| You have been having. | You have not been having. | Have you been having? |
| He/She/It has been having. | He/She/It has not been having. | Has he/she/it been having? |
| We have been having. | We have not been having. | Have we been having? |
| You have been having. | You have not been having. | Have you been having? |
| They have been having. | They have not been having. | Have they been having? |
Past Perfect Simple : All pronouns+ had + had
Had had = Verb to have on past + had
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had had. | I had not had. | Had I had? |
| You had had. | You had not had. | Had you had? |
| He/She/It had had. | He/She/It had not had. | Had he/she/it had? |
| We had had. | We had not had. | Had we had? |
| You had had. | You had not had. | Had you had? |
| They had had. | They had not had. | Had they had? |
Past Perfect Continuous: Had been + having
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had been having. | I had not been having. | Had I been having? |
| You had been having. | You had not been having. | Had you been having? |
| He/She/It had been having. | He/She/It had not been having. | Had he/she/it been having? |
| We had been having. | We had not been having. | Had we been having? |
| You had been having. | You had not been having. | Had you been having? |
| They had been having. | They had not been having. | Had they been having? |
Future Perfect: Will have had
| Afirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will have had. | I will not have had. | Will I have had? |
| You will have had. | You will not have had. | Will you have had? |
| He/She/It will have had. | He/She/It will not have had. | Will he/she/it have had? |
| We will have had. | We will not have had. | Will we have had? |
| You will have had. | You will not have had. | Will you have had? |
| They will have had. | They will not have had. | Will they have had? |
فعل To make اي " أنشأ" أو " صنع" وقد تعني كذلك فعل و انتج و ربح و حضر و لها معاني اخرى حسب موقعها في الجملة. مثلا عندما نقول " He made to much money " نقصد انه ربح الكثير من المال و عندما نقول " She made a nice cake " نقصد هي طبخت كعكة رائعة او هي صنعت كعكة رائعة.
جداول تصريف To make في جميع الازمنة و كيفية صياغته في النفي و السؤال.
Present Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I make. | I do not make. | Do I make? |
| You make. | You do not make. | Do you make? |
| He/She/It makes. | He/She/It does not make. | Does he/she/it make? |
| We make. | We do not make. | Do we make? |
| You make. | You do not make. | Do you make? |
| They make. | They do not make. | Do they make? |
Present Simple Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am making. | I am not making. | Am I making? |
| You are making. | You are not making. | Are you making? |
| He/She/It is making. | He/She/It is not making. | Is he/she/it making? |
| We are making. | We are not making. | Are we making? |
| You are making. | You are not making. | Are you making? |
| They are making. | They are not making. | Are they making? |
Past Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I made. | I did not make. | Did I make? |
| You made. | You did not make. | Did you make? |
| He/She/It made. | He/She/It did not make. | Did he/she/it make? |
| We made. | We did not make. | Did we make? |
| You made. | You did not make. | Did you make? |
| They made. | They did not make. | Did they make? |
Past Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was making. | I was not making. | Was I making? |
| You were making. | You were not making. | Were you making? |
| He/She/It was making. | He/She/It was not making. | Was he/she/it making? |
| We were making. | We were not making. | Were we making? |
| You were making. | You were not making. | Were you making? |
| They were making. | They were not making. | Were they making? |
Future Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will make. | I will not make. | Will I make? |
| You will make. | You will not make. | Will you make? |
| He/She/It will make. | He/She/It will not make. | Will he/she/it make? |
| We will make. | We will not make. | Will we make? |
| You will make. | You will not make. | Will you make? |
| They will make. | They will not make. | Will they make? |
Present Perfect Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have made. | I have not made. | Have I made? |
| You have made. | You have not made. | Have you made? |
| He/She/It has made. | He/She/It has not made. | Has he/she/it made? |
| We have made. | We have not made. | Have we made? |
| You have made. | You have not made. | Have you made? |
| They have made. | They have not made. | Have they made? |
Present Perfect Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have been making. | I have not been making. | Have I been making? |
| You have been making. | You have not been making. | Have you been making? |
| He/She/It has been making. | He/She/It has not been making. | Has he/she/it been making? |
| We have been making. | We have not been making. | Have we been making? |
| You have been making. | You have not been making. | Have you been making? |
| They have been making. | They have not been making. | Have they been making? |
Past Perfect Simple
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had made. | I had not made. | Had I made? |
| You had made. | You had not made. | Had you made? |
| He/She/It had made. | He/She/It had not made. | Had he/she/it made? |
| We had made. | We had not made. | Had we made? |
| You had made. | You had not made. | Had you made? |
| They had made. | They had not made. | Had they made? |
Past Perfect Continuous
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had been making. | I had not been making. | Had I been making? |
| You had been making. | You had not been making. | Had you been making? |
| He/She/It had been making. | He/She/It had not been making. | Had he/she/it been making? |
| We had been making. | We had not been making. | Had we been making? |
| You had been making. | You had not been making. | Had you been making? |
| They had been making. | They had not been making. | Had they been making? |
Future Perfect
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will have made. | I will not have made. | Will I have made? |
| You will have made. | You will not have made. | Will you have made? |
| He/She/It will have made. | He/She/It will not have made. | Will he/she/it have made? |
| We will have made. | We will not have made. | Will we have made? |
| You will have made. | You will not have made. | Will you have made? |
| They will have made. | They will not have made. | Will they have made? |
فعل "To do " من الافعال المهمة و الاكثر استعمالا في الانجليزية لانها تلعب دور فعل مساعد او مكمل لافعال اخرى عند تصريفها كما نستعمله في طرح الاسئلة. مقابل هذا الفعل باللغة العربية هو فعل " فَعلَ " ماذا فعلت؟ و ماذا تفعل؟. الجدول أدناه ستجد تصريف هذا الفعل في مختلف الازمنة مع طريقة صياغة النفي و السؤال باستعمال فعل "To do ".
1. التعبير عن الأفعال المكتملة
فعل "to do" يُستخدم للتعبير عن الأفعال المكتملة، خاصة في صيغة الماضي باستخدام "did".
- مثال: I did my homework (أنا أنجزت واجبي).
- مثال للتأكيد: I did say that (لقد قلت ذلك بالفعل).
2. تكوين الأسئلة والإجابات القصيرة
يُستخدم "do" و"does" لتكوين الأسئلة في الزمن الحاضر، بينما يُستخدم "did" للأسئلة في الماضي.
- مثال: Do you like pizza? (هل تحب البيتزا؟)
- إجابات قصيرة: Yes, I do (نعم، أحبها). / No, I don't (لا، لا أحبها).
3. النفي
يمكن استخدام فعل "to do" لتكوين جمل منفية في جميع الأزمنة.
- الحاضر: He doesn't like pizza (هو لا يحب البيتزا).
- الماضي: She didn't go to school yesterday (هي لم تذهب إلى المدرسة أمس).
4. التأكيد
يُستخدم "to do" أيضاً للتأكيد على الفعل الأساسي في الجملة.
- مثال: I do like coffee (أنا حقاً أحب القهوة).
- مثال: He does care about his work (هو يهتم حقاً بعمله).
Present Simple : Do and Does
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I do. | I do not do. | Do I do? |
| You do. | You do not do. | Do you do? |
| He/She/It does. | He/She/It does not do. | Does he/she/it do? |
| We do. | We do not do. | Do we do? |
| You do. | You do not do. | Do you do? |
| They do. | They do not do. | Do they do? |
Present Simple Continuous: To be in present + doing
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I am doing. | I am not doing. | Am I doing? |
| You are doing. | You are not doing. | Are you doing? |
| He/She/It is doing. | He/She/It is not doing. | Is he/she/it doing? |
| We are doing. | We are not doing. | Are we doing? |
| You are doing. | You are not doing. | Are you doing? |
| They are doing. | They are not doing. | Are they doing? |
Past Simple: S+Did
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I did. | I did not do. | Did I do? |
| You did. | You did not do. | Did you do? |
| He/She/It did. | He/She/It did not do. | Did he/she/it do? |
| We did. | We did not do. | Did we do? |
| You did. | You did not do. | Did you do? |
| They did. | They did not do. | Did they do? |
Past Continuous: S+To be in past+ doing
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I was doing. | I was not doing. | Was I doing? |
| You were doing. | You were not doing. | Were you doing? |
| He/She/It was doing. | He/She/It was not doing. | Was he/she/it doing? |
| We were doing. | We were not doing. | Were we doing? |
| You were doing. | You were not doing. | Were you doing? |
| They were doing. | They were not doing. | Were they doing? |
Future Simple: S+wil do
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will do. | I will not do. | Will I do? |
| You will do. | You will not do. | Will you do? |
| He/She/It will do. | He/She/It will not do. | Will he/she/it do? |
| We will do. | We will not do. | Will we do? |
| You will do. | You will not do. | Will you do? |
| They will do. | They will not do. | Will they do? |
Present Perfect Simple: S+To have in present+ done
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have done. | I have not done. | Have I done? |
| You have done. | You have not done. | Have you done? |
| He/She/It has done. | He/She/It has not done. | Has he/she/it done? |
| We have done. | We have not done. | Have we done? |
| You have done. | You have not done. | Have you done? |
| They have done. | They have not done. | Have they done? |
Present Perfect Continuous:
S+To have in present+ been+doing
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I have been doing. | I have not been doing. | Have I been doing? |
| You have been doing. | You have not been doing. | Have you been doing? |
| He/She/It has been doing. | He/She/It has not been doing. | Has he/she/it been doing? |
| We have been doing. | We have not been doing. | Have we been doing? |
| You have been doing. | You have not been doing. | Have you been doing? |
| They have been doing. | They have not been doing. | Have they been doing? |
Past Perfect Simple: S+To have in past simple +done
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had done. | I had not done. | Had I done? |
| You had done. | You had not done. | Had you done? |
| He/She/It had done. | He/She/It had not done. | Had he/she/it done? |
| We had done. | We had not done. | Had we done? |
| You had done. | You had not done. | Had you done? |
| They had done. | They had not done. | Had they done? |
Past Perfect Continuous:
S+verb to have in past simple +been+ doing
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I had been doing. | I had not been doing. | Had I been doing? |
| You had been doing. | You had not been doing. | Had you been doing? |
| He/She/It had been doing. | He/She/It had not been doing. | Had he/she/it been doing? |
| We had been doing. | We had not been doing. | Had we been doing? |
| You had been doing. | You had not been doing. | Had you been doing? |
| They had been doing. | They had not been doing. | Had they been doing? |
Future Perfect:S+will+have+ done
| Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative |
|---|---|---|
| I will have done. | I will not have done. | Will I have done? |
| You will have done. | You will not have done. | Will you have done? |
| He/She/It will have done. | He/She/It will not have done. | Will he/she/it have done? |
| We will have done. | We will not have done. | Will we have done? |
| You will have done. | You will not have done. | Will you have done? |
| They will have done. | They will not have done. | Will they have done? |
عندما نتعلم لغة جديدة، يعد تعلم صيغ الأفعال أمرًا مهمًا جدًا. فصيغ الأفعال تساعدنا على التعبير عن الأفعال في زمن وضمن سياقات مختلفة. في هذه المقالة، سنتعرف على صيغ بعض الأفعال الشائعة وكيفية استخدامها في مختلف الأزمنة الاثني عشر في اللغة الإنجليزية.
أهمية تعلم صيغ الأفعال
تُعتبر صيغ الأفعال من أهم القواعد التي يجب على متعلمي اللغة الإنجليزية الإلمام بها. فهي تساعد على بناء جمل صحيحة والتعبير عن الأفكار بطريقة دقيقة. سواء كنت تتحدث عن الماضي، الحاضر، أو المستقبل، فإن فهم صيغ الأفعال يضمن لك سهولة التواصل وإيصال الرسالة المطلوبة.
الأزمنة في اللغة الإنجليزية
اللغة الإنجليزية تحتوي على 12 زمنًا رئيسيًا، تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أزمنة أساسية: الماضي، الحاضر، والمستقبل. يتفرع كل زمن إلى أربعة أشكال: البسيط، المستمر، التام، والتام المستمر. فهم هذه الأزمنة واستخدامها بشكل صحيح يمنحك مرونة أكبر في التعبير.
الأفعال الشائعة وأهميتها
هناك مجموعة من الأفعال الأساسية التي يجب أن تبدأ بها عند تعلم تصريف الأفعال في اللغة الإنجليزية. من أبرز هذه الأفعال: - فعل الكينونة To be - فعل الملكية To have - فعل الذهاب To go - فعل الصنع To make - فعل التنفيذ To do. هذه الأفعال تُستخدم بشكل واسع وتُعتبر مفتاحًا لفهم الكثير من القواعد الأخرى.
كيفية تصريف الأفعال في مختلف الأزمنة
لكل زمن قاعدة تصريف تختلف عن الآخر. على سبيل المثال: - في الحاضر البسيط، يتم استخدام الفعل بصيغته الأصلية مع إضافة "s" للشخص الثالث المفرد. - في الماضي البسيط، يتم تحويل الفعل إلى الشكل الماضي باستخدام القاعدة المناسبة (إضافة "-ed" أو التصريف الشاذ). - في المستقبل، يتم استخدام "will" مع الفعل الأساسي. التركيز على هذه القواعد يساعدك على تصريف الأفعال بسهولة.
توسيع القائمة وإتقان القواعد
حاليًا، تحتوي القائمة على الأفعال الأساسية التي تحتاجها للبدء: To be, To have, To go, To make, To do. هذه الأفعال كافية لتعلم أساسيات تصريف الأفعال. ومع ذلك، سيتم إضافة المزيد من الأفعال لاحقًا لتوسيع معرفتك. الأهم هو أن تعلم تصريف هذه الأفعال يساعدك على فهم كيفية تصريف معظم الأفعال الأخرى.
تجربة تصريف الأفعال
اختر من القائمة الفعل الذي تريد معرفة كيفية تصريفه في مختلف الأزمنة، ثم انقر "تصريف الفعل" ليظهر الفعل في الزمن الذي اخترته بصيغته العادية، صيغة النفي، وصيغة السؤال. ملاحظة: تصريف هذه الأفعال الأساسية يكفي لفهم أغلب قواعد تصريف الأفعال في اللغة الإنجليزية.
تصريف الفعل في كل الازمنة